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| # | Year | Year Summary | Last Update | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | 1835 | (not set) | 25-Sep-2025 11:43 | |
| 122 | 1836 | The Monarch is King William IV. Prime Minister is William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Whig). US President is Andrew Jackson (D-Tennessee). In America, the Battle of the Alamo. First minting since 1800 of the fourpence coin (groat or "joey"). Charles Dickens published his first novel <em>The Pickwick Papers</em>. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 123 | 1837 | The Monarch is King William IV until his death on 20 June. As none of his ten surviving children being legitimate the throne goes to his 18-year-old niece, Princess Victoria of Kent becomes Queen Victoria. The Prime Minister is William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Whig) and continues after the 18 August General election. Charles Dickens serialises <em>Oliver Twist</em>.<br /><br />In the USA, the 7th President Andrew Jackson (D-Tennessee) ends his second term and on March 4 it is Martin Van Buren (D-New York). Richard Johnson becomes the only Vice President of the United States chosen by the Senate. Inventor John Deere starts his agricultural equipment business. | 03-Feb-2021 12:21 | |
| 124 | 1839 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Whig). USA President is Martin Van Buren (D-New York). The first Henley Royal Regatta held on the River Thames. First Grand National run at Aintree, won by Jem Mason riding the 5/1 favourite <em>Lottery</em>. George Bradshaw publishes the first national railway timetable, <em>Bradshaw's Railway Time Tables and Assistant to Railway Travelling</em>. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 125 | 1841 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Whig), then on 30 August it is Robert Peel (Conservative). In the US there are three Presidents in one year: Martin Van Buren (D-New York); then on 4th March it is William Henry Harrison (W-Ohio) who dies of pneumonia after only one month, the shortest term served; from 4th April it is John Tyler (W/I-Virginia). In the UK the Penny Red postage stamp replaces the Penny Black. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 126 | 1842 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Robert Peel (Conservative). US President is John Tyler (I-Virginia). Income Tax Act introduces the first peacetime income tax in Britain at 7 pence on the pound for incomes over 150 pounds. The half farthing coin is made legal tender. Paleontologist Richard Owen coins the term "Dinosaur". John Kilner & Co start making Kilner jars, JMW Turner paints and Alfred Tennyson writes poems. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 127 | 1844 | 1844 is MDCCCXLIV. Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Robert Peel (Conservative). US President is John Tyler (I-Virginia). Factory Act forces a maximum 12-hour working day for women, and a maximum 6-hour day for children aged 6 to 13. Bank Charter Act restricts powers of British banks (not Bank of England) to issue banknotes of the pound sterling. Imprisonment for debt abolished in England. The first electrical telegram is sent by Sam Morse. Charles Goodyear patents vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber. James K. Polk wins December U.S. presidential election. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 128 | 1846 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Robert Peel (Conservative) then on 30 June it is Lord John Russell (Whig). US President is James K. Polk (D-Tennessee). In America the Liberty Bell is cracked while being rung for George Washington's birthday. In the UK railways are being built everywhere and Parliament rules all new railways in Great Britain should be built to standard gauge. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 129 | 1847 | <strong>In UK</strong>: Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Lord John Russell (Whig), who wins an August General Election. The House of Lords in the Palace of Westminster opens. Factory Act limits a maximum 10-hour working day for women, and for boys 13–18. The Brontë sisters all publish novels under pen names, like Emily Brontë's "<em>Wuthering Heights</em>" under the name of Ellis Bell.<br /><strong>In USA</strong>: President is James K. Polk (D-Tennessee) and Vice President George M. Dallas (D-Pennsylvania). Samuel Colt sells his first revolver (the <em>Colt Walker</em>) to the the Texas Rangers. The Mexican–American War (1846–1848) continues. Yerba Buena, California is renamed to San Francisco, California. First USA postage stamps issued, featuring George Washington and Benjamin Franklin. | 23-Jun-2021 10:33 | |
| 130 | 1849 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Lord John Russell (Whig). US President is James Knox Polk (D-Tennessee), and then on March 4 it is Zachary Taylor (W-Kentucky). Polk is the first sitting US President to have his photograph taken. Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the United States' first woman doctor. Karl Marx moves from Paris to London (and lives there until his death). Charles Dickens serialises <em>David Copperfield</em>. The design of the <em>Staunton chess set</em> is registered by Nathaniel Cooke. Two shilling coin (florin), showing the Queen wearing a crown, is introduced partly to test public opinion on possible decimalization of the currency. | 26-Feb-2021 13:05 | |
| 131 | 1850 | (not set) | 31-Jan-2026 09:26 | |
| 132 | 1852 | In the UK: Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Lord John Russell (Whig), then on 23 February is Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Conservative), then on 19 December is George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (Coalition). Great Ormond Street Hospital in London opens as <em>The Hospital for Sick Children</em>. Charles Dickens' novel <em>Bleak House</em> is serialised.<br />In the USA: President is Millard Fillmore (W-New York). The California Gold Rush continues (1848–1855). | 08-Nov-2023 14:21 | |
| 133 | 1853 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (Coalition). US President is Millard Fillmore (W-New York) and then on March 4 it is Franklin Pierce (D-New Hampshire). The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) continues. The Halifax Permanent Benefit Building Society opens. Manchester is granted City status. The world's first public aquarium is opened in London Zoo. The Crimean War starts. <em>West Australian</em> becomes the first horse to win the English Triple Crown, winning the Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St Leger. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 134 | 1854 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (Coalition). US President is Franklin Pierce (D-New Hampshire). It's the Crimean War; Florence Nightingale and other trained volunteer nurses go to assist; Victory at the the <em>Battle of Balaclava</em> but a disastrous cavalry Charge of the Light Brigade. Alfred Tennyson writes a poem about it and Charles Dickens writes <em>Hard Times</em>. The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) is nearly over. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 135 | 1857 | (not set) | 28-Jan-2026 12:17 | |
| 136 | 1858 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Whig), then on 20 February it is Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Conservative). US President is James Buchanan (D-Pennsylvania), and thanks to a new trans-Atlantic telegraph cable he is able to exchange greetings with Queen Victoria. Big Ben (the Great Bell) is recast. Charles Dickens embarks on a reading tour of the UK, making 129 appearances. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 137 | 1859 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Conservative) then on 12 June it was Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). US President is James Buchanan. Charles Darwin publishes <em>The Origin of Species</em>. Charles Dickens publishes <em>A Tale of Two Cities</em>. The National Portrait Gallery opens in London. In America, Indian Head cent is minted for the first time. General Post Office builds the first National Standard pillar box. The clock and chimes of the Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster become operational; the great bell is nicknamed "Big Ben" by association with Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover. | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 138 | 1860 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). US President is James Buchanan (D-Pennsylvania). The first professional golf tournament is held at Prestwick, Scotland. First records of fish and chip shops in the UK. Charles Dickens's novel <em>Great Expectations</em> is published.<br /><br />In the USA, the 1860 Census shows the population of the USA was 31,443,321, a 35.6% increase since 1850. Abraham Lincoln is selected as the U.S. presidential candidate for the Republican Party and in November becomes elected to be the 16th President and first Republican to hold the office. The <em>Pony Express</em> begins its first run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California. | 03-Feb-2021 12:21 | |
| 139 | 1863 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). US President is Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois). The American Civil War (1861–1865) rages. The first section of the London Underground Railway (Paddington to Farringdon Street) opens to the public. The Football Association is founded and Laws agreed. Yorkshire County Cricket Club is founded | 19-Sep-2020 14:32 | |
| 140 | 1864 | Monarch is Queen Victoria. Prime Minister is Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (Liberal). US President is Abraham Lincoln (R-Illinois), who appoints Ulysses S. Grant commander in chief of all Union armies. The American Civil War (1861–1865) rages on. James Clerk Maxwell concludes that light is an electromagnetic wave. Overarm bowling is legalised in cricket as John Wisden publishes the first <em>Cricketer's Almanac</em>. | 10-Dec-2021 10:50 |